Progress in the studies on the molecular mechanisms associated with multidrug resistance in cancers

Chemotherapy is one of the important methods to treat cancer, and the emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR) is one major cause for the failure of cancer chemotherapy. Almost all anti-tumor drugs develop drug resistance over a period of time of application in cancer patients, reducing their effects on killing cancer cells. Chemoresistance can lead to a rapid recurrence of cancers and ultimately patient death. MDR may be induced by multiple mechanisms, which are associated with a complex process of multiple genes, factors, pathways, and multiple steps, and today the MDR-associated mechanisms are largely unknown. In this paper, from the aspects of protein-protein interactions, alternative splicing (AS) in pre-mRNA, non-coding RNA (ncRNA) mediation, genome mutations, variance in cell functions, and influence from the tumor microenvironment, we summarize the molecular mechanisms associated with MDR in cancers. In the end, prospects for the exploration of antitumor drugs that can reverse MDR are briefly discussed from the angle of drug systems with improved targeting properties, biocompatibility, availability, and other advantages.

A novel IRAK4/PIM1 inhibitor ameliorates rheumatoid arthritis and lymphoid malignancy by blocking the TLR/MYD88-mediated NF-κB pathway

Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK4) is a pivotal enzyme in the Toll-like receptor (TLR)/MYD88 dependent signaling pathway, which is highly activated in rheumatoid arthritis tissues and activated B cell-like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (ABC-DLBCL). Inflammatory responses followed by IRAK4 activation promote B-cell proliferation and aggressiveness of lymphoma. Moreover, proviral integration site for Moloney murine leukemia virus 1 (PIM1) functions as an anti-apoptotic kinase in propagation of ABC-DLBCL with ibrutinib resistance. We developed a dual IRAK4/PIM1 inhibitor KIC-0101 that potently suppresses the NF-κB pathway and proinflammatory cytokine induction in vitro and in vivo. In rheumatoid arthritis mouse models, treatment with KIC-0101 significantly ameliorated cartilage damage and inflammation. KIC-0101 inhibited the nuclear translocation of NF-κB and activation of JAK/STAT pathway in ABC-DLBCLs. In addition, KIC-0101 exhibited an anti-tumor effect on ibrutinib-resistant cells by synergistic dual suppression of TLR/MYD88-mediated NF-κB pathway and PIM1 kinase. Our results suggest that KIC-0101 is a promising drug candidate for autoimmune diseases and ibrutinib-resistant B-cell lymphomas.

Cryo-EM structures for the Mycobacterium tuberculosis iron-loaded siderophore transporter IrtAB

The adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) transporter, IrtAB, plays a vital role in the replication and viability of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), where its function is to import iron-loaded siderophores. Unusually, it adopts the canonical type IV exporter fold. Herein, we report the structure of unliganded Mtb IrtAB and its structure in complex with ATP, ADP, or ATP analogue (AMP-PNP) at resolutions ranging from 2.8 to 3.5 Å. The structure of IrtAB bound ATP-Mg2+ shows a "head-to-tail" dimer of nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs), a closed amphipathic cavity within the transmembrane domains (TMDs), and a metal ion liganded to three histidine residues of IrtA in the cavity. Cryo-electron microscopy (Cryo-EM) structures and ATP hydrolysis assays show that the NBD of IrtA has a higher affinity for nucleotides and increased ATPase activity compared with IrtB. Moreover, the metal ion located in the TM region of IrtA is critical for the stabilization of the conformation of IrtAB during the transport cycle. This study provides a structural basis to explain the ATP-driven conformational changes that occur in IrtAB.

Application of "ABC" three line perforator locating method for free anterolateral perforator flap of calf / 中华显微外科杂志

Objective:To explore the feasibility of an "ABC" three line perforator locating method in design and harvest of free anterolateral perforator flap of calf.Methods:Between March 2021 and November 2021, 42 patients with 62 wounds on hand and foot were treated in the Department of Hand Surgery, Suzhou Ruihua Orthopaedic Hospital. The "ABC" three line perforator locating method was applied to determine the location and source of perforating branch before operation and to guide the design and harvest of flap during operation in wound reconstruction. Among the 42 patients, 24 had the injury of single digit, 7 had the injuries with 2 digits, 4 with 3 digits, 1 with 4 digits, 1 of the first web, 1 in the wrist, 2 of the great toe, 1 of second toe and 1 in dorsal foot. The sizes of soft tissue defect were 1.5 cm×2.0 cm-3.0 cm×14.0 cm. The sizes of the flaps were 2.0 cm×2.5 cm-3.5 cm×15.0 cm. All donor sites were sutured directly. In the follow-up, sensations of flaps were evaluated following the sensory function evaluation standard of British Medical Research Council(BMRC), and the recovery of the donor and recipient sites was evaluated by the flap comprehensive evaluation scale. Regular follow-up were scheduled at outpatient clinic.Results:A total of 162 perforators were located before operation. There were 95 perforating branches being explored in the operation, of which 5 patients had 1 extra perforating branch than that located before surgery. Seventy-six perforating branches were found consistent with preoperative localisation, with a coincidence rate of 84.4%(76/90). Sixty-four perforating branches were found consistent with the preoperative source with an accuracy rate of 84.2%(64/76). All the 62 flaps survived without a vascular compromise. Follow-up lasted for 6-10(mean 7.1) months. The colour and texture of the flaps were excellent. The flaps were thin and wear-resistant. The sensory function of the flaps was evaluated at S 1-S 3 by BMRC. Comprehensive evaluation scale of flap was excellent in 38 patients and good in 4 patients. Conclusion:"ABC" three line perforator locating method in design of free anterolateral calf flap is a feasible and an ideal auxiliary method in surgical practice. It combines anatomical knowledge, clinical experience and Doppler ultrasound localisation as well as accurately guides the location and source prediction of perforator before surgery.

Application of ABC-VED analysis for inventory control in drug store of a tertiary care hospital of North Maharashtra

Introduction: The hospital’s pharmacy is one of the most heavily used therapeu?c services and one of the few places where a significant amount of money is spent on recurrent purchases. This underlines the need of strategically planning, crea?ng, and arranging the pharmacy to ensure effec?ve clinical and administra?ve services. Materials and Methods:Inventory control techniques like ABC, VED and ABC-VED matrix analysis were used to evaluate the annual drug expenditure at drug store of Government Medical College & Hospital Jalgaon for the financial year 2019-20. Results:Total number of drugs in inventory in Government Medical College & Hospital Jalgaon in the year 2019-20 were 334 and the annual drug expenditure was 54040462/-. Category A comprised of 49 drugs (14.7%) for which annual drug expenditure was 37286500/- i.e. 69%. 87 drugs (26%) accoun?ng to 11324859/- (20.96%) were classified as category B drugs. Category C drugs included 198 drugs comprising 59.3% of total inventory and consumed 5429103/- i.e. 10.05% of total annual drug expenditure. 39 drugs (11.7%) were classified into vital/V category which accounted for 15257089/- i.e. 28.23% of annual drug expenditure, while essen?al/E category included 127 (38%) drugs for which 30161684/- (55.81%) was incurred for their procurement. 168 (50.3%) drugs accoun?ng to 8621689/- (15.95% of total annual drug expenditure). Conclusion:The applica?on of inventory control strategies such as ABC, VED, and the ABC-VED Matrix will help in significant improvements in pa?ent care.

Effect on postoperative visual quality with modified ABC design aspheric IOL implantation of cataract patients / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To evaluate the visual quality of patients after modified design aspheric balance curve(ABC)with intraocular lens(IOL)implantation, and to analyze the influencing factors of clinical IOL selection and guide the patient's IOL selection plan. METHODS: A prospective case-control study was conducted in 67 patients(74 eyes)with simple cataract underwent phacoemulsification and foldable aspheric IOL implantation, and 23 eyes in the observation group were implanted with modified design IOL(HOYA Vivinex XY1 group), the control group was implanted with 51 eyes of traditional design IOL(Tecnis ZCB00 group with 27 eyes, IQ SN60WF group with 24 eyes). The uncorrected visual acuity, the best corrected visual acuity, total ocular spherical aberration(SA)and coma under different pupil diameters(3, 4, 5, 6mm), and different pupil diameters(3, 4, 5mm)were measured 1wk and 1mo after operation, the modulation transfer function(MTF)curve, objective scattering index(OSI), intraocular scattered light value Log(s)and contrast sensitivity were obtained. Statistical analysis was performed on the obtained data.RESULTS: The uncorrected visual acuity and best corrected visual acuity at 1wk and 1mo after operation in the three groups were significantly improved compared with those before operation, there was no significant difference among groups(P>0.05). The difference of total ocular spherical aberration was statistically significant among the three groups with 5 and 6mm pupil diameter 1wk after operation(P=0.045, 0.037)and there were differences among three groups in pupil diameter of 6mm at 1mo after operation(P=0.042). Comparing the total ocular coma aberration, there were differences among the three groups at 1wk and 1mo after the operation at the pupil diameter of 5 and 6 mm(P<0.05). With the increase of pupil diameter at 1wk and 1mo after operation, the total ocular spherical aberration in the HOYA Vivinex XY1 group was lower than that in the other two groups. The MTF values of the Vivinex XY1 group were higher than those that of the control group at each spatial frequency, there was no significant difference among groups(P>0.05), and there were no statistical differences in objective scattering index, intraocular scattered light value Log(s)and contrast sensitivity among the three groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:The improved design of the modified Vivinex IOL can reduce the total ocular spherical aberration and coma, improve the visual quality, and provide a new method for the selection of aspheric IOL.

Pure drug nano-assemblies: A facile carrier-free nanoplatform for efficient cancer therapy

Nanoparticulate drug delivery systems (Nano-DDSs) have emerged as possible solution to the obstacles of anticancer drug delivery. However, the clinical outcomes and translation are restricted by several drawbacks, such as low drug loading, premature drug leakage and carrier-related toxicity. Recently, pure drug nano-assemblies (PDNAs), fabricated by the self-assembly or co-assembly of pure drug molecules, have attracted considerable attention. Their facile and reproducible preparation technique helps to remove the bottleneck of nanomedicines including quality control, scale-up production and clinical translation. Acting as both carriers and cargos, the carrier-free PDNAs have an ultra-high or even 100% drug loading. In addition, combination therapies based on PDNAs could possibly address the most intractable problems in cancer treatment, such as tumor metastasis and drug resistance. In the present review, the latest development of PDNAs for cancer treatment is overviewed. First, PDNAs are classified according to the composition of drug molecules, and the assembly mechanisms are discussed. Furthermore, the co-delivery of PDNAs for combination therapies is summarized, with special focus on the improvement of therapeutic outcomes. Finally, future prospects and challenges of PDNAs for efficient cancer therapy are spotlighted.

Analysis of influencing factors of organ donation willingness based on ABC attitude model / 器官移植

Objective To investigate the influence of perceptions and emotional attitudes on the public's willingness to organ donation and its path of promotion. Methods The mediation effect and structural equation models were established through the convenience sampling method and with ABC attitude model as the theoretical basis to analyze the influence of perceptions and emotional attitudes on the public's willingness to organ donation and the path of promotion. Results Among 4 565 investigated subjects, 621 subjects expressly stated that they were not willing to donate their organs after the death, 701 subjects were willing to donate their organs after the death, but only 259 investigated subjects signed the informed content card of organ donation. The differences in the subjects' willingness to donate their organs were statistically significant in terms of different genders, ages, religious beliefs, places of residence and educational degrees (all P < 0.05). The overall Cronbach's α coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.781, KMO=0.842, with good reliability and validity. In the structural equation model, the path coefficient of perceptions on the willingness to donation was 0.39, while that of attitudes on the willingness was 0.25. As such, perceptions and emotional attitudes had positive impacts on the willingness to donate the organs. The results of the mediation effect model indicated that attitudes played significant mediation effects in the causality relationship of perceptions on the willingness to donate organs, and the mediation effect value was 0.035(P < 0.01). The awareness degree of organ donation was the largest determinant to the perception factor, and the path coefficient on the willingness to donation was 0.20. The sense of social honor was the largest determinant to the attitude factor, and the path coefficient was 0.16. Conclusions Both perceptions and emotional attitudes positively impact the willingness to donate organs. The awareness degree of organ donation is the largest determinant to the perception factor, while the sense of social honor is the largest determinant to the attitude factor. To improve the public's perception level towards the organ donation and increase the public's sense of social honor towards organ donation contributes to the improvement of the public's willingness to donate organs.

Déterminants des coûts directs de la maladie en soins ambulatoires dans les ménages à Kinshasa analyse comptable et économétrique / Determinants of the direct costs of the disease in outpatient care in households in Kinshasa: accounting and econometric analysis

Contexte et objectif. Avec une grande majorité d'habitants sans couverture-maladie, l'inaccessibilité aux soins pour manque d'argent est un problème réel parmi les habitants de Kinshasa en raison des paiements directs. La présente étude a évalué le coût direct de la maladie du point de vue des ménages et identifié les facteurs déterminants dudit coût. Méthodes. Une enquête a été menée dans la commune de Limete auprès de 150 ménages choisis de manière aléatoire dans huit quartiers. Les données collectées ont été soumises d'abord à un traitement comptable, puis à l'analyse statistique et à l'analyse économétrique. Résultats. Le coût total direct moyen était de 145.258,88 CDF (environ 88 US $) par épisode-patient en ambulatoires. Dominés largement par les médicaments, les frais médicaux représentent 86,57 % du total (76 US $) contre 13,43 % de frais non médicaux (12 US $). Excepté la consultation, les autres frais médicaux influent positivement sur le total des frais médicaux. De même, tous les frais non médicaux, sauf les frais d'appel téléphonique, influent sur le total des frais non médicaux. Conclusion. Le coût médical en ambulatoire par patient-épisode est dominé à 65 % par les frais de médicaments mais dont l'impact sur le coût médical de la maladie reste plus faible.

Transplante cardíaco no Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais: custo do paciente internado / Cardiac transplantation at the Hospital das Clínicas of the Federal University of Minas Gerais: inpatient cost

Este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar o custo do paciente internado para transplante cardíaco no Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais nos anos de 2019 e 2020. Por meio da metodologia de custeio ABC e Diagrama de Pareto foram levantados os valores inerentes aos materiais, medicamentos e exames realizados pelos pacientes no período de internação em que ocorreram os transplantes. Também foram investigados os custos referentes ao tempo disponibilizado pela equipe cirúrgica e os custos relativos aos dias de internação em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva e Enfermaria. O método de pesquisa envolveu estudo de caso e pesquisa documental, especialmente prontuários físicos e eletrônicos dos pacientes, nos quais foram verificados os registros de dados clínicos. Os preços dos materiais, medicamentos e exames foram obtidos em bancos de dados utilizados pelo hospital como: Comprasnet, Banco de Preços, Painel de Preços e sistemas internos de gestão de compras. Os custos de internação foram levantados junto ao setor responsável pela apuração de custos do HC-UFMG, enquanto as informações utilizadas para cálculo do custo da equipe cirúrgica são provenientes do Portal da Transparência do Governo Federal e plano de cargos, carreiras e salários da Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares e UFMG. Alcançado o objetivo foi produzido relatório situacional, que poderá ser utilizado pelas instituições de saúde como referência de pesquisa e negociação com os entes responsáveis pelo financiamento da saúde no Brasil, principalmente dos transplantes cardíacos. A pesquisa se mostrou relevante do ponto de vista clínico e de gestão, possibilitando uma visão sistêmica e integrada dos processos, à medida que amplia o conhecimento dos custos de uma importante linha de cuidado, além de contribuir com o redimensionamento de recursos e dar mais subsídios à tomada de decisão. Os resultados mostraram que no Hospital das Clínicas da UFMG o Custo do Transplante Cardíaco é de R$ 141.958,91.

This study aimed to identify the cost of patients hospitalized for heart transplantation at the Clinical Hospital of the Federal University of Minas Gerais in the years 2019 and 2020. Through the ABC costing methodology and Pareto's Diagram, the values inherent to the materials, drugs and diagnostic procedures to which the patients were submitted during the period of hospitalization for the transplant were raised. The costs related to the time made available by the surgical team and the costs related to the days of hospitalization in the Intensive Care Unit and ward were also investigated. The research method involved case study and documental research, especially physical and electronic patient records, in which clinical data records were verified. The prices of materials, medicines and exams were obtained from databases used by the hospital such as: Comprasnet, Price Bank, Price Panel and internal purchasing management systems. The hospitalization costs were collected from the sector responsible for calculating the costs of the HC-UFMG, while the information used to calculate the cost of the surgical team comes from the Federal Government's Transparency Portal and the and Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares and UFMG's career and salary plan. Having achieved the objective, a situational report was produced, which can be used by health institutions as a reference for research and negotiation with the entities responsible for health financing in Brazil, especially heart transplants. The research proved to be relevant from a clinical and management point of view, enabling a systemic and integrated view of the processes, as it expands the knowledge of the costs of an important line of care, in addition to contributing to the resizing of resources and providing more subsidies to decision making. The results showed that at the Hospital das Clínicas da UFMG the cost of Heart Transplantation is R$ 141.958,91.

Reviews on TCM in Reversing Chemotherapy Resistance of Osteosarcoma from ABC Transmembrane Protein / 肿瘤防治研究

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone tumor in clinic. It has high mortality and disability rate. Effective neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with limb salvage surgery can improve the 5-year survival rate of OS patients. Drug resistance or low sensitivity of tumor cells is the most common cause of postoperative local recurrence and metastasis. Therefore, the sensitivity of OS cells to chemotherapy drugs is of great value to the prognosis of the patients. In recent years, traditional Chinese medicine has been widely used because of high efficiency and low toxicity. A large number of studies have confirmed that part of traditional Chinese medicine can reverse the chemotherapy resistance of OS cells by regulating the ABC transmembrane transport protein system. This article gives an overview of its related mechanisms and latest developments.

Polyoxypregnanes as safe, potent, and specific ABCB1-inhibitory pro-drugs to overcome multidrug resistance in cancer chemotherapy

Multidrug resistance (MDR) mediated by ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1) is significantly hindering effective cancer chemotherapy. However, currently, no ABCB1-inhibitory drugs have been approved to treat MDR cancer clinically, mainly due to the inhibitor specificity, toxicity, and drug interactions. Here, we reported that three polyoxypregnanes (POPs) as the most abundant constituents of

The influence of the gut microbiota on the bioavailability of oral drugs

Due to its safety, convenience, low cost and good compliance, oral administration attracts lots of attention. However, the efficacy of many oral drugs is limited to their unsatisfactory bioavailability in the gastrointestinal tract. One of the critical and most overlooked factors is the symbiotic gut microbiota that can modulate the bioavailability of oral drugs by participating in the biotransformation of oral drugs, influencing the drug transport process and altering some gastrointestinal properties. In this review, we summarized the existing research investigating the possible relationship between the gut microbiota and the bioavailability of oral drugs, which may provide great ideas and useful instructions for the design of novel drug delivery systems or the achievement of personalized medicine.

Research progress on the gene polymorphism of tacrolimus transporter in organ transplantation / 器官移植

Tacrolimus (Tac) is a commonly used immunosuppressant after organ transplantation, which has high immunosuppressive efficacy. However, the pharmacokinetics of Tac significantly differ among individuals, and gene polymorphism is the main influencing factor. In recent years, the gene polymorphism of drug transporter has become a novel research hotspot. Nevertheless, the effect of the gene polymorphism of transporter on Tac pharmacokinetics remains controversial. Consequently, the correlation between the gene polymorphism of transporter and Tac blood concentration plays a significant role in guiding Tac-based individualized immunosuppressive therapy. In this article, the research progresses on the gene polymorphism of adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette (ABC) transporter and solute carrier (SLC) transporter in organ transplantation was reviewed. The correlation between the gene polymorphism of transporter and Tac blood concentration was summarized, aiming to provide reference for Tac-based individualized therapy.

Recent advances in drug delivery systems for targeting cancer stem cells

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of cancer cells with functions similar to those of normal stem cells. Although few in number, they are capable of self-renewal, unlimited proliferation, and multi-directional differentiation potential. In addition, CSCs have the ability to escape immune surveillance. Thus, they play an important role in the occurrence and development of tumors, and they are closely related to tumor invasion, metastasis, drug resistance, and recurrence after treatment. Therefore, specific targeting of CSCs may improve the efficiency of cancer therapy. A series of corresponding promising therapeutic strategies based on CSC targeting, such as the targeting of CSC niche, CSC signaling pathways, and CSC mitochondria, are currently under development. Given the rapid progression in this field and nanotechnology, drug delivery systems (DDSs) for CSC targeting are increasingly being developed. In this review, we summarize the advances in CSC-targeted DDSs. Furthermore, we highlight the latest developmental trends through the main line of CSC occurrence and development process; some considerations about the rationale, advantages, and limitations of different DDSs for CSC-targeted therapies were discussed.

Progress of studies on ATP-binding cassette transporters and transportation of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants / 中国中药杂志

ATP-binding cassette(ABC) transporters are one of the largest protein families in organisms, with important effects in regulating plant growth and development, root morphology, transportation of secondary metabolites and resistance of stress. Environmental stress promotes the biosynthesis and accumulation of secondary metabolites, which determines the quality of medicinal plants. Therefore, how to improve the accumulation of secondary metabolites has been a hotspot in studying medicinal plants. Many studies have showed that ABC transporters are extremely related to the transportation and accumulation of secondary metabolites in plants. Recently, with the great development of genomics and transcriptomic sequencing technology, the regulatory mechanisms of ABC transporters on secondary metabolites have attached great attentions in medicinal plants. This paper reviewed the mechanisms of different groups of ABC transporters in transporting secondary metabolites through cell membranes. This paper provided key theoretical basis and technical supports in studying the mechanisms of ABC transporters in medicinal plant, and promoting the accumulation of secondary metabolites, in order to improve the quality of medicinal plants.

Aneurysmal Bone Cyst of the Lateral Malleolus Treated with Intralesional Curettage and Masquelet Technique: A Case Report

@#An aneurysmal bone cyst is a locally destructive lesion considered to be a pseudotumor arising from the bone. Although this benign-like lesion is generally considered rare, several approaches for treatment have been presented. We report a case involving a 15-year-old female diagnosed with aneurysmal bone cyst of the lateral malleolus. Applying the Masquelet technique enabled the treatment of the lesion without causing instability to the ankle joint and the prevention of recurrence through the application of polymethylmethacrylate. To our knowledge this is the first documented case in our region and possibly in the Philippines.

Traditional Chinese herbal medicine Astragalus Radix and its effects on intestinal absorption of aconite alkaloids in rats / 中草药·英文版

Objective: Astragalus Radix (AR, Huangqi in Chinese) has been widely used as a qi (energy) restoring herb that is thought to act through reinvigorating the spleen and lung. Aconite is used to rebalance the body temperature during illness and played an irreplaceable role in disease control since ancient times, but it is limited by its strong neuro and cardiotoxicity. Since the Song Dynasty (1227), the two herbs have been commonly used as herbal pairs including in the famous Qifu Decotion, from the “Wei's Family Prescription”. However, many ancient texts also record that they are not compatible using together, suggesting they can have negative outcomes when mixed. This study investigated whether Astragali Radix had either positive or negative effects on absorption of six different active alkaloids derived from aconite. Methods: Single intestinal perfusion model was used to study the effects of Astragali Radix on aconite alkaloids absorption. Response of ABC transporters and distribution of three tight junction proteins on the surface of intestinal enothelium were assessed by Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), Western blot and immunofluorescence microscopy, respectively. Results: The results showed that aconite alkaloids absorption could be inhibited, and different concentrations of Astragali Radix considerably increased the expression levels of the ABC transporters and tight junction proteins with Astragali Radix treatment. Conclusion: These results suggest that Astragali Radix can block absorption of aconite alkaloids through the upregulation expression of ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABC transporters) and tight junction proteins. It demonstrates that co-administration of Astragali Radix with other drugs might change the absorption profile of the second drug which is important to know in clinic therapy.

Exploration and practice of using counterpart support resources to improve scientific research level of recipient hospitals / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:Exploring the " bottle neck" factors in the scientific research management of recipient hospitals, making good use of counterpart support resources to help identifying appropriate, tailored strategies of scientific research management that might improve the research capacity of recipient hospitals.Methods:Data were collected according to questionnaire survey and on-site interview, ABC classification method were used to perform statistical analysis, and " bottleneck" factors that constraint the scientific research work of the recipient hospital were summarized.Results:" Insufficient scientific research skills and lacking of talents" and " lacking of scientific research environment and recognition" are the two most prominent factors that negatively affect the scientific research capacity building of the recipient hospitals, followed closely by " the out-dated scientific research policies and lacking support from the hospital leadership" , insufficient of research platform or resources including research funding, as well as other factors. Based on such findings, this article took the First People's Hospital of Kashgar (Guangdong counterpart support) as an example, and tried to discuss some corresponding measures on how to make good use of counterpart support resources.Conclusions:The ABC classification method were used to identify the main " bottleneck" factors, and a series of effective measures that help to making good use of counterpart support resources were explored. As a result, the efficiency of the scientific research management of the recipient hospitals, which in terms of management methods, management concepts and management models, were improved.

Effect Of Two Sequencing Combinations Of Physical Practice And Mental Practice On Balance In Stroke Patients

Aim & Objective: To study and compare the effect of two sequencing combinations of Physical Practice and Mental Practice in improving Balance in stroke patients using Balance evaluation system test and Activities specific balance confidence scale. Method: The experimental study was conducted on 30 subjects with strokes in the age group of 45-60 years, including both genders, with duration of stroke 1-6 months, and patients with the scoring of berg balance scale in between 21-40.All the subjects were assessed for the outcome measures at baseline using BESTest scale and ABC scale. Both the groups received treatment for 3 times/ week for 4 weeks. Re-assessment of all the outcome measures post 4-week intervention was done.Both the groups received conventional therapy and sequencing combinations of Mental practice and Physical practice. Results: A significant improvement was seen in both the groups of sequencing combinations in improving balance in stroke patients. Conclusion: The present study concludes that both the sequences of combinations of Mental Practice and Physical Practice are equally effective in improving balance in stroke patients.